The story of the intelligent laugh, a horse that can make mathematics is a prudent cleverness about the influence of experience on scientific research. Hans was not a sports show. This story has freed an example of an experimental distortion, also known as an expected observer, in which the permanent challenge of research is emphasized: the preservation of the object.
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Experienced distortion occurs when the researcher's expectations or beliefs accidentally influence the results of the study. This can manifest itself in different ways, such asB. the review, since the researchers support the data that supports their initial assumptions and the decline in their contradicting evidence that contradict their. Conscious gestures can also play a role, such as the owner of Smart Laughs. A very study design can provide a tendency to select participants.
Experienced distortions can be significant. Bad data can lead to misleading results that hinder scientific progress. For example, a researcher who examines the effectiveness of new medication involuntarily can involuntarily positive reinforcements for people who are involved in the treatment group and attracts the results of the results of an appropriate drug.
There are different forms of experience with experience that the researchers should be aware of the following elements:
Prejudices for collecting samples:
This happens if the selected participants are not representatives of a large number of populations to examine the study intends to investigate. For example, a study on storage function can only use university students who can ignore the possible age effects on memory.
Preparation of the procedure:
The method tested can influence the results. If, for example, the researcher, who examines tolerance with pain, uses a stopwatch that appears considerable while the participants in unpleasant locations, the reason for the chronology can feel the pressure to report skin pain.
Preparation of the measurement:
The bad devices or the methods for collecting data can lead to incorrect results. Imagine a study at the time of the reaction using the stop -watch error -the data collected is not a real reflection of the interaction of the participants.
The interview is bias:
Interviews can influence the answer through your beliefs or your behavior. In a study on the behavior of climate change, the opposite that has a strong vision of this question can affect you well -known questions or unconventional indicators.
Exemption -inclination:
The participants can give false answers due to the social desire or the desire to appease the researcher. In an investigation of political comments, for example, participants can hesitate to express their inappropriate ideas for fear of the decision.
Biged report:
This happens when the researchers concentrate on spreading positive results and ignoring the negative results. However, negative results can be significant, e.g.
Research security: strategies for reducing distortions
Although the elimination of experience with experience is an unrealistic goal, researchers can apply different strategies to reduce their effects.
Awareness:
The realization of the loss of damage is the first step towards control. With the awareness that our own prejudices can influence research, we can be more vigilant in the identification and reduction.
Various differences:
The collection of research teams with different views can help identify and reduce distortions. Researchers from various horizons and experiences can lead to a variety of research work that can have hidden prejudices.
Blind analysis:
The researchers stop information about experiences or identify participants, which can reduce distortions. In a double study, for example, the researcher or the participants do not know who receives treatment or experimental control, which reduces the ability to manage or translate the results.
Minimum interaction:
It can restrict the interaction between researchers and participants to prevent an involuntary network. The use of pre -drawn instructions or standard procedures can help guarantee consistency and reduce the possibility of involuntarily participating.
Presented trends:
The use of pre -drawn instructions guarantees consistency and reduces the effect of experience. This approach contributes to unp voluntarily reducing the supply of instructions and the risk of applicants who can influence the reaction of the participants.
Compensation overview:
Design other studies by researchers and the results revised results help display a possible distortion. The opposition check offers external controls for research and can help to ensure the credibility and intercept of results.
By conducting the ability to prejudice these strategies and condemning the implementation of these strategies, researchers can improve the security of their studies and contribute to the most reliable scientific knowledge group. It depends on the research results and opens up the way to the most precise and effective scientific developments